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Pop Filters
Pop Filters let people who come to your studio know that you mean business. In addition to looking really sweet they do serve a useful role.
It's literally a filter that is positioned in front of the microphone to eliminate ‘plosive’ sounds during vocal recording. Basically letters such as 'p', 'k', and 't' cause a blast of air to strike the diaphragm.
This does not sound so good.
They also keep your spittle from getting into the mic. Hygiene aside, you want to keep moisture out of the mics so that they continue to function properly.
The good ones are made of metal mesh that actually redirects the air away from the mic. A cheaper option has one or more layers of nylon stretched over a frame.
A mechanical snake arm attaches to the mic stand. This is also a place where spending a little more can save some frustration. You want it to stay put while you are trying to lay down your killer vocals.
Though these are useful especially if, like me, you have terrible mic technique, you can get by without one if you are careful about your mic setup. Backing away from the mic, not singing directly into it, etc. can also serve the same purpose.
It does make life a bit easier, but it's certainly not a must have.