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Guitar Pickups
Guitar Pickups are the circuitry required to take a purely acoustic instrument, and allow it to be amplified or recorded directly into your setup.
You can think of pickups as the translator between the physical motion of your guitar strings and the equivalent electrical signal that is required downstream.
For a more in depth discussion on the science behind this check out sections 1 and 2 of this page on
Audio Signals.
So just to be clear, if you are planning on recording your guitar with anything other than an external microphone then you will need some type of pickup.
Don't be overwhelmed by the many different brands and styles to choose from. They all fall into 3 categories:
Internal Microphone
Magnetic Coil
Piezoelectric
The type you choose will depend largely on what kind of recording you are trying to make.
Each has it's own strengths and weaknesses to consider before making a decision.
Click on the pictures below for more info on Electric and Acoustic Pickups.